Four typed problems
The reprogramming modalities
The four modalities are not four unrelated algorithmic problems; they are four typed versions of the same intervention-design question. Each constrains source state, target geometry, admissible interventions, timescale, and feasibility penalty differently.
I
Pluripotency induction
15 methodsGlobal reset of a somatic distribution toward a distant pluripotent attractor.
D
Directed differentiation
25 methodsTrajectory guidance from a pluripotent or progenitor state toward a defined lineage endpoint, usually with waypoint constraints.
T
Transdifferentiation
22 methodsLateral movement across lineage barriers, often requiring chromatin opening or pioneer-factor-like access.
P
Phenotype reprogramming
30 methodsA constrained state shift within or near a lineage basin: diseased→healthy, exhausted→effector, aged→rejuvenated, resistant→sensitive.